Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are water-soluble organic exfoliant acids, and they occur naturally in many foods and milk sugars. Among the various types of hydroxy acids, we find:
Glycolic Acid: derived from sugarcane, it is known for its effectiveness in promoting cellular turnover and improving skin texture.
Lactic Acid: obtained from milk fermentation, it is gentle and hydrating, ideal for sensitive skin and boosting skin hydration.
Malic Acid: extracted from apples, this acid helps exfoliate the skin and enhance its glow.
Tartaric Acid: derived from grapes, it helps exfoliate the skin while improving its evenness and glow.
Citric Acid: found in citrus fruits, it is used to adjust the pH of cosmetics and has antioxidant properties.
Mandelic Acid: derived from bitter almonds, it is known for its antibacterial properties and helps regulate sebum production.
Pyruvic Acid: a powerful exfoliant that can significantly improve skin texture and reduce imperfections such as scars and dark spots.
The factors that affect the safety and effectiveness of AHA products include concentration, pH, exposure time, and the amount of free acid present.
For this reason, they should be used carefully to avoid potential adverse reactions, such as swelling, burning, and itching. Our advice is definitely not to overuse overly high concentrations or long exposure times.
AHAs are typically found in products like toners, serums, peels, and even cleansers: so be careful not to use too many skincare products that contain them. They can end up being irritating and intolerable for your skin.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALPHA AND BETA HYDROXY ACIDS
AHAs are short-chain hydroxy acids that act on the outermost layer of the skin, stimulating cellular turnover and improving skin elasticity. Thanks to their properties, AHAs are often used to treat dry, sun-damaged, or hyperpigmented skin.
BHAs, on the other hand, are long-chain hydroxy acids that penetrate deeply into pores to remove excess sebum and dead skin cells. Because of their benefits, BHAs (primarily Salicylic Acid) are used to treat oily, acne-prone, or enlarged-pore skin.
If a cosmetic product is formulated with both types of these acids, it will deliver a deeper exfoliation full of benefits for the skin. Always remember to follow the product's correct application instructions!